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Excel TDIST Function

The TDIST function returns the Student's t-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.

Note: The TDIST function has been replaced with T.DIST.2T and T.DIST.RT. Although TDIST is still available in current versions of Excel, you should consider using the new function from now on, because TDIST may not be available in Excel’s future versions.

tdist function 1


Syntax

=TDIST(x, deg_freedom, tails)


Arguments

  • x (required): The value at which you want to calculate the distribution. Note: x must be ≥ 0.
  • deg_freedom (required): An integer indicating the number of degrees of freedom. Note: deg_freedom must be ≥ 1.
  • tails (required): The number of distribution tails to return. This must be either:
    • 1, to return the one-tailed distribution;
    • 2, to return the two-tailed distribution.

Return Value

The TDIST function returns a numeric value.


Function Notes

  • If deg_freedom and tails are not integers, they will be truncated.
  • TDIST returns the #VALUE! error if any argument is non-numeric.
  • TDIST returns the #NUM! error if:
    • x < 0;
    • degrees_freedom < 1;
    • tails is any value other than 1 or 2.
  • Since TDIST does not allow the argument x to be less than 0, to calculate the Student's t distribution for values of x that are less than 0, use the relationships as shown below:
    • TDIST(-x, deg_freedom, 1) = 1 - TDIST(x, deg_freedom, 1)
    • TDIST(-x, deg_freedom, 2) = TDIST(x, deg_freedom, 2)

Example

To calculate the one and two-tailed distributions at 7 with 2 degrees of freedom, please copy or enter the formulas below in the corresponding result cells, and press Enter to get the results.

=TDIST(B7,B10,1)

=TDIST(B7,B10,2)

tdist function 2

Also, you can type the actual x and deg_freedom values in the formulas as shown below.

=TDIST(7,2,1)

=TDIST(7,2,1)


Related functions

Excel T.DIST.RT Function

The T.DIST.RT function returns the Student's right-tailed t-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.

Excel T.DIST.2T Function

The T.DIST.2T function returns the Student's two-tailed t-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.

Excel T.DIST Function

The T.DIST function returns the Student's left-tailed t-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.

Excel T.INV.2T Function

The T.INV.2T function returns the inverse of Student's two-tailed-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.

Excel T.INV Function

The T.INV function returns the inverse of Student's left-tailed t-distribution. The t-distribution is frequently used in testing hypotheses on small sample data sets.


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